Indeed the city existed before the kingdom of Daha Kadiri stand. Daha Dahanapura stands, which means the city of fire. The name is found in inscriptions Pamwatan issued Airlangga the year 1042. This is consistent with the news in Candidate Charcoal Fibers that, at the end of Airlangga , the center of the kingdom was no longer in Kahuripan , but moved to Daha.
In late November 1042, Airlangga forced to divide his kingdom because his two sons vied for the throne. Son named Sri Samarawijaya get named Panjalu western empire centered in the new town, namely Daha. While the son is named Mapanji Garasakan get eastern kingdom named Janggala based in the old town, which is Kahuripan .
According Nagarakretagama , before it split into two, the name of the kingdom, led Airlangga been named Panjalu, based in Daha. Thus, the Kingdom Janggala born as a fraction of Panjalu. The Kahuripan is the name of the old city that has been abandoned Airlangga and later became the capital of Janggala .
At first, the name Panjalu or Pangjalu is more often used than in the name of Kadiri. It can be found in the inscriptions issued by kings of Kadiri. In fact, the name Panjalu also known as Pu-chia-lung in Chinese chronicles titled Ling wai tai ta (1178).
Developments Panjalu
The early days of the kingdom of Kadiri Panjalu or not widely known. Inscription Hyang Down II (1044) published the Kingdom Janggala only proclaim the existence of a civil war between the two kingdoms after the death of Airlangga .
History of the Kingdom Panjalu start with the inscription Sirah unknown heights in 1104 on behalf of Sri Jayawarsa . The kings before Sri Jayawarsa only Sri Samarawijaya already known, whereas the order of the kings after Sri Jayawarsa can already clearly known by the inscriptions were found.
Panjalu kingdom under the government of Sri Jayabhaya managed to conquer the Kingdom Janggala with the famous motto of the inscription Ngantang (1135), namely Panjalu Jayati, or Panjalu Win.
In the reign of Sri Jayabhaya this, the Kingdom Panjalu experienced its heyday. This kingdom area covers the whole of Java and some islands in the archipelago , even to defeat the influence of the kingdom of Srivijaya in Sumatra .
This is reinforced Chinese chronicles titled Ling wai tai ta work of Chou Ku-fei in 1178, that at that time the richest country in addition to China in order are Arab , Java , and Sumatra . At that time the ruling in Arabic is the Abbasids , in Java there is the Kingdom Panjalu, while Sumatra ruled the kingdom of Srivijaya .
The discovery Tondowongso site in early 2007, which is believed to be relics of the kingdom of Kadiri is expected to help provide more information about the kingdom.
Literary Times Kadiri
Literary arts received much attention in the days of Empire Panjalu-Kadiri. In the year 1157 Kakawin Bhāratayuddha written by mpu Sedah and completed MPU Panuluh . The book is sourced from the Mahabharata which contains the victory Pandavas over the Kauravas , as a figurative victory Sri Jayabhaya over Janggala .
In addition, the MPU Panuluh also wrote Kakawin Hariwangsa and Ghatotkachasraya . There is also a poet during the reign of Sri Kameswara named MPU Dharmaja who wrote Kakawin Smaradahana . Later during the reign Kertajaya poets are named MPU Monaguna who wrote Sumanasantaka and MPU TRIGUNA who wrote Kresnayana .
The collapse of the Kadiri
Kadiri era statue of Buddha Vajrasattva, Century X / XI, a collection of the Museum für Indische Kunst, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.
Panjalu-Kadiri kingdom collapsed during the reign of Kertajaya , and told in Pararaton and Nagarakretagama .
In the year 1222 Kertajaya being at odds against the Brahmins who later asked for the protection of Ken Arok akuwu Tumapel . Incidentally Ken Arok also aspires to liberate Tumapel which is subordinate Kadiri area.
The war between Kadiri and Tumapel occurred near the village of Ganter. Troops Ken Arok succeeded in destroying the troops Kertajaya .
Thus ended the kingdom of Kadiri, which has since then become subordinate Tumapel or Singhasari .
After lifting Kertajaya Ken Arok, Kadiri became a territory under the authority of Singhasari. Ken Arok picked Jayasabha, Kertajaya son as regent Kadiri. In 1258 his son succeeded Jayasabha named Sastrajaya. In the year 1271 Sastrajaya replaced his son, Jayakatwang .
Jayakatwang rebelled against Singhasari led by Kertanegara , because revenge Kertajaya past where his ancestors were defeated by Ken Arok. After successfully killing Kertanegara, Jayakatwang rebuild the kingdom of Kadiri, but only lasted one year due to joint attack launched by the Mongols and the troops Kertanegara son, Raden Wijaya .
Kings Ever Ruling Daha
Kings Ever Ruling Daha
Here are the names of kings who had ruled in Daha, the capital of Kadiri:
1.At Daha became the capital of the kingdom that is still intact
Airlangga , is the founder of the town of Daha as moving the city Kahuripan . When he abdicated in 1042, the kingdom split into two. Daha later became the capital of the western empire, namely Panjalu.
According Nagarakretagama , empire led Airlangga before the split was named Panjalu.
2. At Daha became the capital Panjalu
•Sri Samarawijaya , is the son of Airlangga whose names are found in inscriptions Pamwatan (1042).
•Sri Jayawarsa , according to the inscription Sirah Achilles (1104). It is not known with certainty whether he is a direct replacement for Sri Samarawijaya or not.
•Sri Bameswara , according to the inscription op cit I (1117), the inscription Panumbangan (1120), and the inscription Tangkilan (1130).
•Sri Jayabhaya , is the greatest king Panjalu, according to the inscription Ngantang (1135), the inscription Talan (1136), and Kakawin Bhāratayuddha (1157).
•Sri Sarweswara , according to the inscription op cit II (1159) and inscription Kahyunan (1161).
•Sri Aryeswara , according to the inscription Wind (1171).
•Sri Gandra , according to the inscription Nets (1181).
•Sri Kameswara , according to the inscription claw (1182) and Kakawin Smaradahana .
•Kertajaya , according to the inscription Galunggung (1194), Inscription Kamulan (1194), the inscription Palah (1197), the inscription Wates Kulon (1205), Nagarakretagama , and Pararaton .
3. At Daha be subordinate Singhasar
Panjalu kingdom collapsed in 1222 and became subordinate Singhasari . Based on the inscriptions At Malurung , known to the kings of Daha times Singhasari , namely:
•Mahisa Wunga Teleng son of Ken Arok
•Guningbhaya sister Mahisa Wunga Teleng
•Tohjaya brother Guningbhaya
•Kertanagara grandchildren Mahisa Wunga Teleng (mother's side), who later became king Singhasari
5.At time Majapahit Daha be subordinate
Since the year 1293 became the country subordinate Daha Majapahit the most important. The king who leads the title Bhre Daha but merely a symbol, because the government carried out daily by the duke of Daha. Bhre Daha who has served are:
1.Jayanagara 1295th - 1,309 Nagarakretagama.47: 2; Inscription Sukamerta - accompanied by the duke of Sora Ox .
2.Rajadewi 1309 - 1375 Pararaton.27: 15; 29:31; Nag.4: 1 - accompanied by the duke of Aryan Tilam, then Gajah Mada .
3.Indudewi 1,375th - one thousand four hundred fifteen Pararaton.29: 19; 31:10,21
4.Suhita 1415 - 1429 ?
5.Jayeswari one thousand four hundred twenty-nine - one thousand four hundred sixty-four Pararaton.30: 8; 31:34; 32:18; K. Pitu
6.Manggalawardhani the 1464th - 1474 Inscription Trailokyapur
6. At Daha became the capital of the Majapahit
According to the Suma Oriental written Tome Pires , Daha in 1513 became the capital of Majapahit led by Bhatara Wijaya. King's name is synonymous with Dyah Ranawijaya who was defeated by Sultan Trenggana king Demak in 1527.
Since then the name Kadiri more famous than in Daha.
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