Kingdom of Majapahit

Majapahit kingdom was founded in 1294 by Raden Wijaya who holds Kertarajasa Jayawardana which is a descendant of Ken Arok Singosari king.

Kings who ruled the kingdom of Majapahit:
 1.Raden Wijaya 1273 - 1309
2.Jayanegara 1309-1328
3.Tribhuwanatunggaldewi 1328-1350
4.Hayam Wuruk 1350-1389
5.Wikramawardana 1389-1429
6.Kertabhumi 1429-1478

Majapahit kingdom reached its peak during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk (1350-1389). Greatness of the kingdom has regularly supported by agriculture, trade and advanced smoothly, have a strong fleet of ocean freight and is led by the duke Hayam Wuruk Gajah Mada.

Under Gajah Mada duke Majapahit to conquer many other areas. In the spirit of unity it has, and make S umpah Palapa which reads "He will not eat fruit palapa before managed to unite the whole archipelago".

MPU Prapanca Kertagama tells in his book State of the days of glorious kingdom in the future and also pedigree Hayam Wuruk previous king died in 1364 Gajah Mada compiled by Hayam Wuruk in the year 1389 and the Majapahit empire began to decline.

Causes of decline:
Majapahit loss of the great figures such as Gajah Mada and Hayam Wuruk Paragreg years 1401-1406 war broke out and civil war for power is subordinate to the area began to break away.

The kingdom of Majapahit:

Buildings: Temple Panataran, Sawentar, Three Wangi, Barelang
Book: State Kertagama by mpu Prapanca, Sitosoma by mpu Tantular which includes the slogan Unity in Diversity.
Song Paraton Sundayana and Sorandaka R Wijaya Getting Established Wangsit Majapahit Kingdom.
Two banyan tree at the entrance of the Great Hall in Trowulan, Mojokerto. Two banyan tree was planted on 22 Desemebr 1973 by the Regional Commander and Governor Moehammad Widjojo Soejono Noer.

Behind the Great Hall building which memampang photos of the military commander of UB, there is a small building surrounded by the common grave. The stage building was believed to be named Petilasan Petilasan Raden Wijaya and the duke of Gajah Mada peal Palapa Oath.
Once entering the building Petilasan Stage, which has a mini pavilion in the background, it appears some of the rocks that formed like a tomb, the walls around the "grave" was covered with transparent white mosquito net that can add to the sanctity of the place.

According Sajadu (53) Stage Petilasan guard, Raden Wijaya is where the first imprisoned until he gets wangsit establish the kingdom of Majapahit. In addition, this place also duke of Gajah Mada peal Palapa Oath. "This place is sacred because it is considered as the Majapahit Empire Asnya" he said.
At any given time, especially to coincide with Friday night legi, many people come to pray and expect a blessing. "People come to pray, so that the goal is reached" said Sajadu stating job keeping Petilasan stage is carried down through the generations since their ancestors.

While smoking cigarettes kreteknya, the man who inherited from his father as a guard petilasan since 1985 also told, was once the place was just a pile of rocks. Until now, the stone is still inside, he said.
Then in 1964, restoration was first performed by Ms. Sudarijah otherwise known as Mrs. Dar Moeriar of Surabaya. New in 1995 conducted by the military commander of UB's restoration back who was held by Utomo.

Entering the Stage Petilasan region, a picture of Gajah Mada right next door. While relying on the front door of a small board with the inscription "Five Guidelines" which is a guidance role model for residents.
More "Ponco Waliko" it said "Kudutrisno Marang Sepadane Urip, Ora Pareng Ngilik Sing Semestine Dudu, Ora Ora Pareng single Nyepatani and Pareng Eidra Hing Ubaya"

Narrated Sajadu Similarly, Petilasan this stage was declared closed to the public in 1985 through 1995. Only after it reopened to the public, since otherwise opened again, the front door no longer closed and siangpun allowed through.


THE GLORY MAJAPAHIT

Majapahit kingdom reached its golden when it was led by Hayam Wuruk with Gajah Mada patihnya famous Palapa Oath. Majapahit to conquer almost the entire archipelago and spread its wings throughout the entire Southeast Asia. At this time Malang area is no longer the center of power for allegedly moved into the area Nganjuk. According to experts in Malang placed a ruler called King anyway.

In the State recounted Hayam Wuruk Kertagama as King of Majapahit made a pilgrimage to the tomb of his ancestors (who were around the area of Malang), one near the tomb of Ken Arok. This shows that although not the seat of government but Malang was consecrated area because it is a land of tombs of the ancestors who worshiped as a god. Some of the inscriptions and statues of Majapahit relics of the peak area of Mount Semeru and Mount Arjuna also showed that the area is the dwelling place of Mount of the Gods and the only descendant of the King is allowed to set foot in the region. Can be concluded that these relics is a series of interconnected, although separated by different times throughout the seventh century.

The collapse of Majapahit

On story, the Duke asks Eggplant aka Prince Sultan NCO Fractures are still "kapernah" his brother, to face King UB. But Sultan Demak refused because his father is still considered kafir.Brawijaya is king of Majapahit, a Hindu kingdom of Java ever victorious ground. Even then Raden Patah then collect the coastal district as Tuban, Madura and Surabaya as well as the Sunan to jointly invade Majapahit who reject it.

Muslim soldiers were deployed besieging the capital of the kingdom, because the reluctant war with his own son, King UB escape from the palace with followers who are still loyal. So when Raden Patah and his entourage (including his Sunan) arrived, the palace was empty. On the advice of Sunan Ampel, to offer all the influence of pagan king, was appointed king of Majapahit Sunan Gresik for 40 days. After that just submitted to the Sultan of NCO to trafficked to Demak.

This story was peppered again, after the fall of Majapahit, tasked with carrying the Duke Eggplant paseban king of Majapahit to Demak to then be used as the porch of the mosque. Petty Officer Duke was then titled "Senapati Jinbun Ngabdurrahman Panembahan Palembang Hadrat Panatagama".

The story of the invasion of Majapahit's army can be found in "Babad Tanah Jawi". But there is also a similar story in "Fiber Kanda". Mentioned, the Duke of Petty Officer King with his followers revolted at UB. Majapahit armies led by Mahapatih Gajah Mada, Duke Eggplant and Andayaningrat (Regent Pengging). For fear of the Sheikh Weak brother, teacher, Kebo Boxwood (Son of Regents Pengging) defected joined the enemy. Meanwhile Kebo sunflower brother remained loyal to the King of UB.

Demak army under the leadership of Imam Raden equipped with a magic weapon "Kris Makripat" Giri administration could issue a pest beetles and "Badhong" Sunan Cirebon gift that could bring hurricane. Majapahit troops were driven back until keibukota, just duke Eggplant house that survived because he had embraced Islam.

Due to urgency, UB King fled to (Cape) sengguruh Patih elephant and his family accompanied Mada. That happened in 1399 Saka or 1477 AD. Once crowned the Sultan of Demak titled "Panembahan Jinbun", duke of NCO sent ox and horse Peteng sengguruh panoleh to ask the King to convert to Islam. but he still refused. King invaded and eventually Sengguruh UB run to Bali.

Babad Tanah Jawi version of the story and that's what Kanda FIBER been popular among people of Java, even about some of've also taught elementary school in the past. Broadly speaking, the story was arguably demonstrated the triumph of Islam. When in fact the opposite, could give the impression of a disadvantage, because as if Islam developed in Java with violence and blood. When it is not so.

Besides the fact that the inclusion of many other menungkap and developing ground Javanese Islam by peaceful means. Also the fact the collapse of the Majapahit also showed invasion of the Muslim army was not caused demak.

Prof. Dr. Slamet Muljana in his book "The restoration of Majapahit Persada Ancestral History" at length denied the story was based on historical evidence. It says Babad Tanah Jawi Kanda written and Fiber XVII century Mataram era without consulting a reliable historical source. Historical sources, among others, some inscriptions and works of history of Majapahit, such as "State Kertagama and Pararaton". Because it is not surprising that his account of Majapahit many defects.

"Inscription Plots" and "Trailokyapuri" explained, the last king of Majapahit was Dyah Suraprahawa, collapsed due to attacks army Girindrawardhana rivet head in the year 1478 AD, according Pararaton. Since then Majapahit had ceased as the capital of the kingdom. Thus could not have collapsed due to the invasion of Majapahit Demak. Historical sources Portuguese Tome Pires article also mentions that the Kingdom of Demak been standing in an age of government Girindrawardhana Keling.

At that Tuban, Gresik, Surabaya and Madura as well as several other cities dipesisir in northern Javanese kingdom of Kadiri region, so it is not possible as told in the Chronicle of Java, Raden Patah gathering the regents were to demolish the Majapahit.

Composers seem to mix the Babad Tanah Jawi confound between the formation of the kingdom of Demak in 1478 with the collapse of Kediri by Demak invasion era of Sultan Trenggano 1527. Sultan Trenggano raid was conducted because Kadiri make contact with the Portuguese in Malacca as reported Tome Pires. Demak is indeed hostile to the Malacca Portuguese to menggempurnya not willing Kadiri a relationship with the nation's occupiers.

After the fall Kadiri (Not Majapahit!) Attacked Demak, not run kepulau Bali as mentioned in the description Fibers Kanda, but rather to Panarukan Situbondo after the Sengguruh, Malang. It could be some fled to Bali, so until now berkebudayaaan Hindu population of Bali, but it's not a fugitive last king of Majapahit as the Chronicle noted. More details, more raden Broken is not the last son of King of Majapahit as mentioned in the Chronicle Book and Fiber Kanda's, so Dr.. Slamet Muljana.

Historian Mr. Moh. Yamin in his book "Gajah Mada" is also mentioned that the collapse of the UB V last king of Majapahit, the attack of the royal Ranawijaya Keling, so it is not an attack from Demak. A description of the involvement of Gajah Mada Mahapatih Majapahit led forces attacked Demak 1478 when it was contrary to history.
Because Gajah Mada had died in 1364 AD or 1286 Saka.

Narrative of the book "From the Stage History of" translation Simanjuntak IP sourced from the writings of HJ Van Den Berg was also not due to the collapse of the Majapahit Demak or attack the Muslim army. Ma Huan, a Chinese Muslim writer, in his book "Ying Yai Sheng Lan" mentions, when it came to Majapahit in 1413 AD already mentioned the Islamic community who settled in Gujarat comes from the Majapahit and Malacca. He mentioned, in 1400 AD Muslim merchants from Gujarat and Persia had settled on the north coast of Java.

One of them was Maulana Malik Ibrahim who was buried in Gate Pasarean Wetan District. Gresik with the number of 12 Rabi al-Awwal 882 H or 8 April 1419 AD, means the government Wikramawardhana era (1389-1429), King of Majapahit IV after Hayam Wuruk. Headstones carved Arabic calligraphy, according Tjokrosujono (Former head of the Asylum and Archaeological Heritage, Mojokerto), the original headstone is not a new artificial.

One proof that since the time of Majapahit existing settlements diibu Muslim city, is the site of Ancient Tomb Troloyo, District Trowulan, Mojokerto, JATIM. Islamic tombs disitus Troloyo Sentonorejo Village's diverse figures annually, starting from the year 1369 (XIV century AD) until 1611 (XVII century AD).

Tombstones in the cemetery petilasan Troloyo Arabic script is full of similar until the inscription. Prayer readings taken from the pronunciation, sentence and passage Thayibah Quran verses with a form letter a little stiff. Apparently the author a convert to Islam. Its contents were not in a date of birth and death figures are buried, but more are proselytizing among other citations Surat Ar-Rahman verses 26-27.

PJ Veth is the first Dutch scholar researching and writing the book JAVA Troloyo tomb II in 1873.
LC Damais researchers from France who followed him to mention the number of years on the headstone started XIV to XVI century. Soeyono Wisnoewhardono, Asylum Staff Heritage and Archaeology in Trowulan say, the tombstones were proved when the kingdom of Majapahit was still standing, people were already settled in a peaceful Muslims around the capital.

It seems clear here go to earth Majapahit Islam of peace and tolerance.
One archaeological site again dikecamatan Trowulan the village and district Trowulan is the Tomb of Princess Cempa. According to Babad Tanah Jawi, Princess Cempa (Jeumpa, Acehnese language) is the wife of King UB who are Muslims. Two tombstones were found dikompleks this kekunaan dates to 1370 Saka (1448 AD) and in 1313 Saka (1391 AD).

In folk legend stated that Cempa marry Princess, the King is already converted to Islam. When died he was buried in an Islamic burial length (Bury Dawa). Hamlet-upload Upload a distance of 300 meters from the royal tomb of Princess
Cempa Islam.

Of facts and historical sites, it appears authentic evidence about how not true that Islam was developed with the war. Indeed several other historical sites to prove that Islam is very tolerant of other religions (including Hinduism) when Islam has been growing rapidly on the ground of Java.

On compleks Sunan Bonang in Tuban, East Java, for example, Shiva Temple Buddha standing upright with the number in 1400 Saka (1478 AD) which is now to be located behind the local government office Tuban. In fact, when it had stood the boarding school upbringing Sunan Bonang. Boarding school and the temple is located adjacent conserved in a small scale model of old wood that is now stored in the Museum Kambang White, Tuban.

In Ghost, Central Java, when Jafar Sodiq Festival spread the teachings of Islam there, he forbade Muslims to slaughter cattle for food. Although beef kosher slaughter forbidden by Islam but to honor the trust that glorify Hindu cow.

To demonstrate a sense of tolerance to the Hindu, Festival tether cattle yard where the mosque is still preserved until today. Even the towers of the Holy Mosque was built in the style of Hindu temple architecture.

when the Majapahit empire stands as part of the Indonesian nation trip. Since it was founded Raden Wijaya who holds Kertanegara Dharmawangsa, the kingdom is always covered the phenomenon of rebellion.
Heir to the throne of Raden Wijaya, the reign of Kalagemet / Jayanegara (1309-1328), who in an inscription regarded as incarnation of Vishnu with the state insignia Minadwaya (two fish) in the ruling lot face revolts against Majapahit from those still loyal to Kertarajasa .

The first uprising started in Kertarajasa actually still alive, namely by Rangga Lawe, located in Tuban, a result not satisfied because he did not become duke of Majapahit but Nambi, Wiraraja child. But his efforts (1309) can be thwarted.

The second rebellion in the year 1311 by Sora, a rakryan in Majapahit, but failed. Then the third in the year 1316, by his own patihnya Nambi ie, from the area and the fort at Pajarakan Lumajang. He also crushed a family.

The next insurrection by Kuti in the year 1319, which had occupied the capital of Majapahit, the king fled under the auspices of the palace guards called Bhayangkari as many as 15 people under the leadership of Gajah Mada.

But with the help of troops still loyal Majapahit, Gajah Mada with pounding Bhayangkarinya Kuti, and finally Jayanegara can continue his reign.

Stop rebellion Kuti, the year 1331 came the revolt in Sadeng and Keta (Besuki area). So duke duke replaced Majapahit Pu Dragon namely Daha Gajah Mada, so that the rebellion can be crushed. The success of Gajah Mada rebellion Sadeng career took him appointed as mahapatih kingdom.

But in the reign of Hayam Wuruk in 1350-1389, many times the duke of Gajah Mada-warfare expert who is also commander-in period must drain energy to quell the insurgency in some areas. Rebellion Ronggolawe to attack the royal Dhaha, Kediri.

Even one of the causes of decline and destruction of the kingdom of Majapahit was when war broke out and Paragreg year 1401-1406 was a civil war for power, subordinate to the area began to break away and the development of Islam in the coastal areas

Majapahit kingdom who have experienced the golden age, and glory be fragmented collapse after the loss of major figures such as Gajah Mada and Hayam Wuruk.